Konteks: WTO (166+ member per 2024, Indonesia founding) terdiri dari tiga pillar agreement: GATT (barang), GATS (jasa), TRIPS (IP). Setiap bisnis lintas batas tunduk salah satu (atau beberapa) pillar.
| Prinsip Utama | — |
| Aturan Kunci | — |
| Kewajiban Indonesia | — |
| Pengecualian | — |
Indonesia founding member WTO 1995. Appellate Body non-fungsional sejak Desember 2019 karena AS block appointment — alternatif: MPIA (Indonesia belum join per 2024), Article 25 arbitrase.