Konteks: DSU (Dispute Settlement Understanding) Annex 2 WTO adalah mekanisme paling efektif di intl law — reverse consensus rule, timeline ketat. Indonesia founding user aktif.
Appellate Body non-fungsional sejak Desember 2019 karena AS block appointment. Alternatif: MPIA (Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration), Indonesia belum join per 2024.