RPS minggu 15 · 2x50 menit · Pertemuan terakhir
Etika, CSR & Compliance Global: UNGP, ISO 26000, UU 40/2007 International Business Law — S1 Manajemen FEB UNDIP Selamat datang di pertemuan 14 — pertemuan terakhir mata kuliah International Business Law. Minggu lalu kita mendalami WTO dispute settlement. Hari ini kita tutup dengan topik yang menjadi semakin critical di era ESG dan sustainable business — etika bisnis, CSR, dan compliance global. Empat framework utama: (1) UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP) 2011 dengan 3 pilar (Protect, Respect, Remedy); (2) ISO 26000:2010 guidance on social responsibility (7 core subjects, guidance not certifiable); (3) UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 tentang CSR wajib untuk PT SDA (Sumber Daya Alam); (4) POJK 51/POJK.03/2017 sustainable finance untuk banks. Indonesia companies harus navigate multiple framework ini. ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) menjadi mainstream expectation dari investor, regulator, dan masyarakat. Output: mahasiswa mampu design compliance program integrated yang cover etika, CSR, dan ESG untuk perusahaan Indonesia lintas batas. Peta Pembelajaran Hari Ini Empat blok etika & compliance global yang harus Anda kuasai.
Empat framework etika bisnis (utilitarian, deontological, virtue, etc) UN Global Compact 10 Principles UNGP 3 pilar (Protect, Respect, Remedy) ISO 26000:2010 + GRI Standards UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 CSR untuk PT SDA POJK 51/POJK.03/2017 sustainable finance ESG framework (TCFD, SASB, ISSB) Mini-case: Garuda Indonesia crisis cost analysis Output: mahasiswa mampu design integrated compliance program yang cover etika, CSR, ESG untuk perusahaan Indonesia lintas batas.
Mari petakan empat blok pembelajaran. Blok pertama: empat framework etika bisnis — utilitarian (kesejahteraan terbesar), deontological (kewajiban moral), virtue ethics (karakter moral), care ethics (relasi). UN Global Compact 10 Principles (human rights 2, labor 4, environment 3, anti-corruption 1). UNGP (UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights) 2011 dengan 3 pilar: State duty to Protect, Corporate responsibility to Respect, Access to Remedy. ISO 26000:2010 guidance on social responsibility (7 core subjects: organizational governance, human rights, labor practices, environment, fair operating practices, consumer issues, community involvement). GRI Standards untuk sustainability reporting. Blok ketiga: UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 tentang CSR wajib untuk PT yang bidang usahanya berkaitan dengan Sumber Daya Alam (SDA). POJK 51/POJK.03/2017 sustainable finance untuk banks dan financial institutions. Blok keempat: ESG framework — TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures), SASB (Sustainability Accounting Standards Board), ISSB (International Sustainability Standards Board). Mini-case Garuda Indonesia crisis cost analysis. Output: mahasiswa mampu design integrated compliance program yang cover etika, CSR, ESG untuk perusahaan Indonesia lintas batas. Mengapa Etika, CSR & Compliance Krusial Etika, CSR, dan ESG bukan lagi optional — investor, regulator, dan masyarakat demand accountability.
Global ESG Assets
~US$ 30 T+
AUM ESG 2024 (di-hedge)
Indonesia CSR Compliance
~100% PT SDA
UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 mandatory (di-hedge)
Investor integrate ESG ke investment decision. Non-compliance = loss akses capital + reputational damage + regulatory action.
Statistik ini menjelaskan magnitude etika, CSR, dan ESG. Global ESG assets under management (AUM) ~US$ 30 triliun+ 2024 (di-hedge, Bloomberg). Expected grow ~US$ 40+ triliun by 2030. Investor integrate ESG ke investment decision — non-ESG companies dapat diabaikan. Indonesia CSR compliance ~100% untuk PT SDA karena UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 mandatory. Mengapa krusial: (1) Investor demand — ESG integration di investment decision; (2) Regulator pressure — OJK sustainable finance roadmap, UU Cipta Kerja environmental provisions; (3) Consumer expectation — masyarakat expect corporate responsibility; (4) Employee engagement — top talent prefer ethical companies; (5) Risk management — ESG issues (climate, human rights, corruption) are business risks; (6) Access ke capital — green bonds, sustainability-linked loans require ESG performance. Non-compliance consequences: loss akses ke capital (ESG funds exclude), reputational damage (press, social media), regulatory action (OJK sanctions), consumer boycott, talent flight. Strategi perusahaan Indonesia: integrate ESG ke strategy, report via GRI/ISSB, engage dengan stakeholders. Bagian 1 · 1/4
Framework Etika Bisnis
Diskusi kelas: perusahaan Indonesia temukan bribery di subsidiary. Apa decision framework yang tepat?
Blok pertama mendalami framework etika bisnis. Empat framework utama: (1) Utilitarianism — decision yang menghasilkan kesejahteraan terbesar untuk greatest number. Cost-benefit analysis. Limitation: dapat justifikasi harm minority. (2) Deontological (Kant) — moral duties dan rules, terlepas dari konsekuensi. Categorical imperative: act only on principles yang dapat menjadi universal law. Humans as ends, bukan means. (3) Virtue ethics (Aristotle) — focus pada character moral. Apa yang orang bijak (phronesis) lakukan. Cultivate virtues (justice, courage, honesty, dll). (4) Care ethics (Gilligan) — focus pada relasi dan empathy. Context-specific, relational. Pertanyaan diskusi: perusahaan Indonesia temukan bribery di subsidiary. Decision framework: Utilitarian — cost-benefit: disclose (penalty + reputational) vs conceal (risk of detection later, larger penalty). Deontological — moral duty untuk disclose (anti-corruption principle). Virtue — orang bijak/integritas akan disclose. Care — impact ke employees, communities affected. Strategi: combine frameworks. Modern approach: principle-based + outcome-based. Pelajaran: etika bukan optional — strategic competitive advantage. Companies dengan strong ethics outperform long-term. Strategi: Code of Conduct, training, leadership by example, whistleblower protection. UN Global Compact 10 Principles UN Global Compact — 10 principles voluntary corporate sustainability initiative.
Area Principle Substansi Human Rights (1-2) 1 Businesses should support and respect protection of internationally proclaimed human rights 2 Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses Labor (3-6) 3 Freedom of association and effective recognition of right to collective bargaining 4 Elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor 5 Effective abolition of child labor 6 Elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation Environment (7-9) 7 Support precautionary approach to environmental challenges 8 Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility 9 Encourage development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies Anti-Corruption (10) 10 Work against corruption in all forms, including extortion and bribery
UN Global Compact: 10 principles voluntary tapi powerful framework. ~16.000+ companies globally participate, ~100+ dari Indonesia.
Mari pelajari UN Global Compact 10 Principles. UN Global Compact didirikan 2000 oleh Kofi Annan (UN SG). Voluntary corporate sustainability initiative. 10 principles dalam 4 areas. Human Rights (Principles 1-2): (1) Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights; (2) Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses. Berbasis Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. Labor (Principles 3-6): (3) Freedom of association dan effective recognition of right to collective bargaining; (4) Elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor; (5) Effective abolition of child labor; (6) Elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation. Berbasis ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Environment (Principles 7-9): (7) Support precautionary approach to environmental challenges; (8) Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility; (9) Encourage development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies. Berbasis Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Anti-Corruption (Principle 10): Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery. Berbasis UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). UN Global Compact: 10 principles voluntary tapi powerful framework. ~16.000+ participants globally (companies, civil society, governments, dll). ~100+ dari Indonesia companies. Strategi perusahaan Indonesia: adopt UN Global Compact sebagai framework sustainability, report annual Communication on Progress (COP), engage dengan Global Compact Network Indonesia. UNGP: 3 Pilar Business & Human Rights UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights 2011 — 3 pilar: Protect, Respect, Remedy.
Pilar Actor Substansi Implementation 1. Protect State State duty to protect against human rights abuses oleh business National law, enforcement, regulation 2. Respect Business Corporate responsibility to respect human rights Human rights due diligence 3. Remedy State + Business Access to effective remedy untuk victims Grievance mechanisms, judicial + non-judicial Foundational principles — 31 principles total across 3 pilar — Human rights due diligence Business Identify, prevent, mitigate, account for human rights impacts 4 step: assess, act, track, communicate Indonesia National Action Plan State Perpres 75/2021 RAN on Business and Human Rights Implement UNGP di Indonesia Grievance mechanisms Business Operational-level grievance mechanism (OLGM) Per UNGP criterion 31 effectiveness
UNGP: 3 pilar framework untuk business & human rights. Indonesia implement via Perpres 75/2021 RAN. Strategi: HR due diligence + grievance mechanism.
Mari pelajari UNGP (UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights) 2011 dengan 3 pilar. Pertama, Protect (State duty to Protect) — state has duty to protect against human rights abuses oleh third parties including business. Implementation: national law, enforcement, regulation, policy. Pertama-tama melalui Perpres 75/2021 tentang Rencana Aksi Nasional (RAN) Indonesia tentang Bisnis dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Kedua, Respect (Corporate responsibility to Respect) — business has responsibility to respect human rights. Implementation: human rights due diligence (HRDD) — 4 step: (1) Assess actual and potential human rights impacts; (2) Act on findings (integrate, prevent, mitigate); (3) Track effectiveness; (4) Communicate how impacts addressed. Business should avoid infringing on human rights dan address adverse impacts they cause or contribute to. Ketiga, Remedy (Access to effective Remedy) — states dan businesses should ensure access to effective remedy untuk victims of business-related human rights abuses. Implementation: grievance mechanisms — judicial (courts) dan non-judicial (OLGM, OECD National Contact Point, rsCM). Operational-level grievance mechanism (OLGM) per UNGP effectiveness criteria 31: legitimate, accessible, predictable, equitable, transparent, rights-compatible, continuous learning, based on engagement/dialogue. UNGP total 31 foundational dan operational principles. Indonesia implement via Perpres 75/2021 RAN Bisnis dan HAM. Strategi perusahaan Indonesia: implement HRDD, establish OLGM, align dengan Perpres 75/2021, report progress. Bagian 2 · 2/4
ISO 26000 & GRI Standards
Diskusi kelas: perusahaan Indonesia ingin publish sustainability report. Framework apa yang tepat?
Blok kedua mendalami ISO 26000 dan GRI Standards. ISO 26000:2010 — Guidance on Social Responsibility. Tidak certifiable (guidance only). 7 core subjects: (1) Organizational governance; (2) Human rights; (3) Labor practices; (4) Environment; (5) Fair operating practices; (6) Consumer issues; (7) Community involvement and development. Setiap core subject punya issues dan actions. ISO 26000 applicable untuk semua organizations. Strategi: integrate ke management system, tidak untuk certification. GRI Standards (Global Reporting Initiative) — sustainability reporting framework. Most widely used globally. GRI Universal Standards (GRI 1, 2, 3) + GRI Topic Standards (200 economic, 300 environmental, 400 social). GRI reporting principles: materiality, stakeholder inclusiveness, sustainability context, completeness, balance, comparability, accuracy, timeliness, clarity, reliability. Pertanyaan diskusi: perusahaan Indonesia ingin publish sustainability report — framework GRI Standards adalah standar global. POJK 51/POJK.03/2017 mewajibkan financial services companies publish sustainability report, GRI-aligned. Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) mendorong listed companies publish sustainability report. Strategi: GRI Standards + POJK compliance + UNGP alignment. Tambahan: SASB untuk industry-specific metrics, TCFD untuk climate, ISSB untuk comprehensive. ISO 26000:2010 — 7 Core Subjects ISO 26000 — guidance on social responsibility, 7 core subjects, not certifiable.
Core Subject Substansi Issues 1. Organizational governance Decision-making processes dan structures Accountability, transparency, ethics 2. Human rights Respect human rights Due diligence, risk situations, complicity, grievances, discrimination, civil/political rights, economic/social/cultural rights, fundamental principles at work 3. Labor practices Conditions of work dan social protection Employment relationships, conditions of work, social protection, social dialogue, HSE, human development 4. Environment Environmental responsibility Pollution prevention, sustainable resource use, climate change mitigation/adaptation, protection of biodiversity 5. Fair operating practices Ethical conduct dalam business Anti-corruption, responsible political involvement, fair competition, promoting CSR in value chain, respect for property rights 6. Consumer issues Consumer protection Fair marketing, protection of health/safety, sustainable consumption, consumer service, data protection, essential services 7. Community involvement & development Community engagement Community involvement, education/culture, employment creation, technology development, wealth/income creation, health, social investment
ISO 26000: 7 core subjects guidance. Tidak certifiable. Strategi: integrate ke management system, report via GRI Standards.
Mari pelajari ISO 26000:2010 — Guidance on Social Responsibility. Tidak certifiable (guidance standard, tidak untuk certification seperti ISO 9001 atau ISO 14001). 7 core subjects: Pertama, Organizational governance — decision-making processes dan structures. Issues: accountability, transparency, stakeholder engagement, ethical conduct. Kedua, Human rights — respect human rights. Issues: human rights due diligence, human rights risk situations, avoidance of complicity, resolving grievances, discrimination/vulnerable groups, civil and political rights, economic/social/cultural rights, fundamental principles and rights at work. Ketiga, Labor practices — conditions of work dan social protection. Issues: employment relationships, conditions of work and social protection, social dialogue, health and safety at work, human development and training. Keempat, Environment — environmental responsibility. Issues: prevention of pollution, sustainable resource use, climate change mitigation and adaptation, protection of environment and biodiversity. Kelima, Fair operating practices — ethical conduct dalam business relationships. Issues: anti-corruption, responsible political involvement, fair competition, promoting social responsibility in the value chain, respect for property rights. Keenam, Consumer issues — consumer protection. Issues: fair marketing, factual and unbiased information, fair contractual, sales, and marketing practices, protecting consumers' health and safety, sustainable consumption, consumer service support and dispute resolution, consumer data protection and privacy, access to essential services. Ketujuh, Community involvement and development — community engagement. Issues: community involvement, education and culture, employment creation and skills development, technology development and access, wealth and income creation, health, social investment. Strategi: ISO 26000 guidance untuk integrate ke management system. Tidak untuk certification tetapi untuk substantive improvement. Report progress via GRI Standards. UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 & POJK 51/2017 Indonesia CSR mandatory untuk PT SDA via UU 40/2007 Pasal 74. POJK 51/2017 sustainable finance untuk banks.
Regulasi Substansi Implikasi UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 CSR wajib untuk PT yang bidang usaha berkaitan SDA ~100% PT SDA harus implement UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 ayat 1 PT yang bidang usahanya berkaitan dengan SDA wajib melaksanakan Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan (TJSL) — UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 ayat 2 PT ayat 1 dialihkan ke community — UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 ayat 3 PT yang tidak melaksanakan dikenai sanksi Penalty UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 ayat 4 Ketentuan lebih lanjut diatur Peraturan Pemerintah PP 47/2012 PP 47/2012 TJSL bagi PT SDA Implement detail POJK 51/POJK.03/2017 Sustainable finance untuk financial services Banks, securities, insurance wajib sustainability report POJK 51 ayat implementasi Sustainability report annual, GRI-aligned — POJK 8/2017 Sustainable finance obligations — OJK Roadmap Sustainable Finance 2015-2019, 2021-2025 Phased implementation
Indonesia: UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 CSR mandatory PT SDA + POJK 51/2017 sustainable finance. Strategi: integrate TJSL + sustainability report.
Mari pelajari Indonesia CSR framework. UU 40/2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Pasal 74: (1) Perseroan yang menjalankan kegiatan usahanya di bidang dan/atau berkaitan dengan sumber daya alam wajib melaksanakan Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan (TJSL); (2) Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan merupakan kewajiban perseroan yang dilaksanakan secara berkelanjutan dan terukur serta dimasukkan dalam anggaran perseroan yang dilaksanakan sesuai dengan kewajaran dan kepatutan; (3) Perseroan yang tidak melaksanakan kewajiban sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dikenai sanksi sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan; (4) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah. PP 47/2012 — TJSL bagi PT SDA. Detail implementation. POJK 51/POJK.03/2017 tentang Penerapan Keuangan Berkelanjutan bagi Layanan Jasa Keuangan, Emiten, dan Perusahaan Tercatat. Banks, securities companies, insurance, dan listed companies wajib publish sustainability report. Sustainability report annual, GRI-aligned. POJK 8/POJK.03/2017 tentang obligasi hijau (green bonds). OJK Roadmap Sustainable Finance 2015-2019 dan 2021-2025 — phased implementation. Strategi perusahaan Indonesia: (1) PT SDA: implement TJSL per PP 47/2012, integrate ke anggaran annual; (2) Financial services: sustainability report per POJK 51/2017; (3) Listed companies: Bursa Efek Indonesia mendorong sustainability report; (4) Align dengan GRI Standards untuk international comparability; (5) Align dengan UNGP untuk human rights. Strategi optimal: integrate TJSL + sustainability report + GRI alignment. Bagian 3 · 3/4
ESG Framework: TCFD, SASB, ISSB
Diskusi kelas: perusahaan Indonesia kena investor pressure untuk ESG disclosure. Framework apa yang tepat?
Blok ketiga mendalami ESG framework modern. ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) menjadi mainstream expectation dari investor global. Tiga framework utama: (1) TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) 2017 — climate-specific disclosure dalam 4 pilar: Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, Metrics and Targets. Recommended untuk financial institutions dan others dengan climate exposure. Banyak jurisdictions adopting TCFD mandatory (UK, NZ, Singapore, dll). Indonesia via OJK evaluating. (2) SASB (Sustainability Accounting Standards Board) — industry-specific sustainability metrics. 77 industries dengan 13指标 per industry average. Materiality focus — hanya metrics yang material untuk industry. (3) ISSB (International Sustainability Standards Board) 2021 — IFRS Foundation. Comprehensive international sustainability disclosure standards. IFRS S1 (general) + IFRS S2 (climate). Expected become global standard. Pertanyaan diskusi: perusahaan Indonesia kena investor pressure untuk ESG disclosure — framework ISSB adalah emerging global standard. ISSB S1 (general sustainability) dan S2 (climate) merging TCFD + SASB + GRI elements. Strategi: prepare ISSB compliance sekarang untuk future-proofing. Combine dengan GRI untuk stakeholder reporting. Strategi Indonesia companies: (1) Materiality assessment untuk identify ESG issues material untuk business; (2) TCFD untuk climate disclosure; (3) SASB untuk industry-specific metrics; (4) ISSB untuk comprehensive global standard; (5) GRI untuk stakeholder reporting; (6) UNGP untuk human rights. Tambahan: SBTi (Science-Based Targets initiative) untuk emission reduction targets. Net Zero commitments. ESG Framework Comparison Empat framework ESG utama — pilih sesuai stakeholder dan need.
Framework Focus Mandate Best for GRI Standards Stakeholder (multi-stakeholder) Voluntary (mandatory some jurisdictions) Comprehensive sustainability report TCFD Climate-related financial Voluntary (mandatory growing) Investor climate disclosure SASB Investor, industry-specific Voluntary Industry material metrics ISSB (IFRS S1, S2) Investor, comprehensive Emerging global standard Future-proofing, international CDP Climate, water, forests Voluntary (investor pressure) Environmental disclosure UNGC 10 Principles Voluntary Principle-based commitment UNGP Human rights Voluntary (expected) HR due diligence SBTi Emission targets Voluntary Science-based climate targets
Strategi: combine GRI (stakeholder) + ISSB (investor) + TCFD (climate) + UNGP (human rights). Integrated reporting optimal.
Mari bandingkan ESG framework utama. Pertama, GRI Standards — stakeholder (multi-stakeholder) focus, comprehensive sustainability report. Voluntary tetapi mandatory di some jurisdictions (Indonesia via POJK 51/2017 untuk financial services). Best for comprehensive sustainability report ke broad stakeholders. Kedua, TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) 2017 — climate-related financial disclosure dalam 4 pilar: Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, Metrics and Targets. Voluntary tetapi mandatory growing (UK, NZ, Singapore mandatory). Best for investor climate disclosure. Ketiga, SASB (Sustainability Accounting Standards Board) — investor focus dengan industry-specific metrics. 77 industries dengan average 13 metrics per industry. Materiality focus. Voluntary. Best for industry material metrics. Keempat, ISSB (International Sustainability Standards Board) 2021 under IFRS Foundation — emerging global comprehensive standard. IFRS S1 (general sustainability) + IFRS S2 (climate). Merging TCFD + SASB + GRI elements. Expected become global standard like IFRS accounting. Best for future-proofing dan international investor reporting. Tambahan: CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) untuk climate, water, forests disclosure via investor questionnaire. UN Global Compact untuk principle-based commitment. UNGP untuk human rights due diligence. SBTi (Science-Based Targets initiative) untuk emission reduction targets aligned dengan Paris Agreement 1.5°C. Strategi optimal: combine multiple framework — GRI untuk stakeholder, ISSB untuk investor, TCFD untuk climate, UNGP untuk human rights, SBTi untuk targets. Integrated reporting dengan materiality assessment sebagai foundation. Bagian 4 · 4/4
Mini-Case: Garuda Crisis & Compliance Global
Diskusi kelas: apa compliance failures yang menyebabkan Garuda Indonesia crisis 2021?
Blok penutup mini-case Garuda Indonesia crisis 2021 dan compliance global lessons. Garuda Indonesia mengalami crisis 2021. Compliance failures yang contribute: (1) Corporate governance — commissioners/directors oversight weak; (2) Financial mismanagement — losses bertahun-tahun sebelum pandemic; (3) Fraud allegations — corruption cases di top management; (4) Risk management — tidak anticipate COVID-19 catastrophic scenario; (5) Audit failures — external audit tidak catch issues earlier; (6) Crisis preparedness — weak contingency planning. Crisis outcome: PKPU (Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang) di PN Jakarta Utara 2021; liabilities US$ 9,8 miliar vs assets lebih kecil; haircut ~46% (US$ 9,8B → ~US$ 5,3B); equity injection pemerintah (PMN) Rp 8 triliun; new shares issuance; rescheduling 5-15 tahun; exit PKPU 2021. Pelajaran compliance global: (1) Strong corporate governance essential — independent commissioners, audit committee, risk committee; (2) Tone at top — leadership integrity; (3) Robust risk management — scenario planning termasuk catastrophic; (4) Strong audit — external audit + internal audit effective; (5) Crisis preparedness — contingency planning; (6) Stakeholder communication — transparent; (7) Compliance program — anti-fraud, anti-corruption; (8) ESG integration — environmental risk (climate, pandemic), social (employees), governance. Pelajaran untuk Indonesia companies: investasi compliance + governance = strategic risk management. Garuda crisis adalah warning untuk semua Indonesia companies tentang importance compliance. Integrated Compliance Program Sepuluh element integrated compliance program untuk perusahaan Indonesia lintas batas.
Element Substansi Framework reference 1. Code of Conduct Ethics, integrity standards FCPA, UU 31/1999 2. Anti-corruption FCPA, UK Bribery, UU 31/1999 compliance DOJ 9 Pillars 3. Sanctions & AML OFAC, EU, UN, UU 8/2010 FATF Recommendations 4. Transfer pricing BEPS Action 13, ALP, documentation OECD TPG, PMK 213/2022 5. Trade compliance WTO, Incoterms, UCP 600, FX hedging ICC, WTO 6. CSR/TJSL UU 40/2007 Pasal 74, community, environment ISO 26000, GRI 7. Sustainability reporting GRI, TCFD, ISSB, ESG POJK 51/2017 8. Human rights HR due diligence, grievance mechanism UNGP, Perpres 75/2021 9. Contract & dispute Arbitration clauses, CISG, choice of law ICC, NY Convention 10. Governance & oversight Board, audit committee, risk committee, CCO OECD Corporate Governance
Integrated compliance program: 10 element cover all mata kuliah topics. Strategi: comprehensive + risk-based + Board oversight.
Mari pelajari 10 element integrated compliance program untuk perusahaan Indonesia lintas batas. Pertama, Code of Conduct — ethics dan integrity standards. Foundation. Reference FCPA dan UU 31/1999. Kedua, Anti-corruption — FCPA (3 pilar), UK Bribery Act (4 offenses), UU 31/1999 Tipikor compliance. Reference DOJ 9 Pillars. Ketiga, Sanctions dan AML — OFAC, EU, UN sanctions compliance; UU 8/2010 TPPU. Reference FATF Recommendations. Keempat, Transfer pricing — BEPS Action 13 documentation (CbCR, Master File, Local File), Arm's Length Principle, Pillar 1 dan 2. Reference OECD TPG, PMK 213/2022. Kelima, Trade compliance — WTO rules, Incoterms 2020, UCP 600 L/C, FX hedging. Reference ICC family dan WTO. Keenam, CSR/TJSL — UU 40/2007 Pasal 74 mandatory untuk PT SDA; community dan environment engagement. Reference ISO 26000 dan GRI Standards. Ketujuh, Sustainability reporting — GRI Standards, TCFD climate, ISSB comprehensive, ESG framework. Reference POJK 51/POJK.03/2017. Kedelapan, Human rights — HR due diligence, operational-level grievance mechanism. Reference UNGP dan Perpres 75/2021 RAN Bisnis dan HAM. Kesembilan, Contract dan dispute — arbitration clauses (ICC, SIAC, BANI), CISG, choice of law, choice of forum. Reference ICC family dan NY Convention. Kesepuluh, Governance dan oversight — Board, audit committee, risk committee, CCO. Reference OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. Integrated compliance program dengan 10 element ini cover all topik yang kita pelajari di mata kuliah International Business Law. Strategi: comprehensive + risk-based + Board oversight + continuous improvement. Hitung dari Nol: Compliance vs Garuda Crisis Skenario: Garuda Indonesia crisis US$ 9,8 miliar liabilities. Estimasi cost compliance program yang prevent.
Komponen Compliance Program Garuda Crisis Cost 1. Annual compliance program US$ 5-15 juta/thn (1% revenue, di-hedge) — 2. Liabilities haircut Prevented ~US$ 4,5 miliar (46% haircut) 3. Government bailout (PMN) Prevented Rp 8 triliun (~US$ 530 juta) 4. Fleet grounding (revenue loss) Prevented/minimized ~US$ 2-5 miliar 5. Reputational damage — Tidak dapat quantify — material 6. Investor confidence Maintained Lost for years 7. Restructuring cost — ~US$ 100-300 juta (legal + advisory) 8. Total crisis cost — ~US$ 7-10 miliar (di-hedge) 9. Compliance NPV 10 thn (10%) ~US$ 30-90 juta — 10. ROI compliance (cost vs crisis) — ~100-300× (di-hedge) 11. Bonus: growth, investor access — Material
Investasi compliance program US$ 30-90 juta vs Garuda crisis US$ 7-10 miliar. ROI 100-300×. Strategi: compliance = strategic risk management.
Mari hitung dari nol compliance vs Garuda crisis. Skenario: Garuda Indonesia crisis dengan US$ 9,8 miliar liabilities. Compliance program annual cost US$ 5-15 juta/thn (1% revenue estimate, di-hedge). Crisis cost: Pertama, Liabilities haircut ~US$ 4,5 miliar (46% haircut dari US$ 9,8B → ~US$ 5,3B). Kedua, Government bailout (PMN) Rp 8 triliun (~US$ 530 juta). Ketiga, Fleet grounding revenue loss ~US$ 2-5 miliar selama pandemic. Keempat, Reputational damage — tidak dapat quantify tetapi material (Garuda reputation severely damaged). Kelima, Investor confidence lost for years. Keenam, Restructuring cost ~US$ 100-300 juta (legal + financial advisory). Total crisis cost ~US$ 7-10 miliar (di-hedge, konservatif). Compliance NPV 10 tahun (10% discount): US$ 30-90 juta untuk program annual. ROI compliance (cost vs crisis avoided): US$ 7-10 miliar / US$ 30-90 juta = ~100-300× (di-hedge). Plus intangible: growth opportunities maintained, investor access, employee morale, customer confidence. Strategi: compliance program adalah strategic risk management dengan ROI sangat tinggi. Investasi compliance jauh lebih murah dari crisis. Pelajaran Garuda: compliance failures (governance, audit, risk management, anti-fraud) dapat menyebabkan catastrophic outcome. Strategi perusahaan Indonesia: investasi integrated compliance program dengan 10 element, Board oversight, strong tone at top, continuous improvement. Investasi compliance bukan cost center tetapi strategic asset. Sustainability Reporting Best Practices Lima best practices untuk sustainability report yang credible dan useful.
Best Practice Substansi Output 1. Materiality assessment Identify ESG issues material untuk business dan stakeholders Materiality matrix 2. Stakeholder engagement Dialogue dengan stakeholders untuk understand concerns Stakeholder map 3. Quantitative metrics KPI yang measurable (emissions, diversity, ethics) Quantitative disclosure 4. Third-party assurance External assurance untuk credibility Assured report 5. Forward-looking Targets, strategy, scenario analysis Strategic disclosure
Best practice: GRI Standards + SASB metrics + TCFD climate + ISSB comprehensive + external assurance. Strategi: credible + useful untuk investor + decision-makers.
Mari pelajari sustainability reporting best practices. Pertama, Materiality assessment — identify ESG issues material untuk business dan stakeholders. Materiality matrix: plot issues berdasarkan importance ke business vs stakeholders. Focus pada yang material. Kedua, Stakeholder engagement — dialogue dengan stakeholders (investors, employees, communities, regulators, NGOs) untuk understand concerns. Stakeholder map. Ketiga, Quantitative metrics — KPI yang measurable (GHG emissions, water use, diversity %, ethics violations, training hours). Quantitative disclosure lebih credible dari qualitative. Keempat, Third-party assurance — external assurance oleh audit firm untuk credibility. Big 4 (Deloitte, EY, KPMG, PwC) atau specialized assurors (BSI, SGS, TUV). Kelima, Forward-looking — targets (5-10 tahun), strategy, scenario analysis (TCCD-aligned). Strategi: integrate GRI + SASB + TCFD + ISSB + external assurance. Credible + useful untuk investor + decision-makers. ESG Trends & Future Outlook Lima ESG trends yang akan shape business landscape 2025-2030.
Trend Substansi Implication 1. Mandatory ESG disclosure ISSB adoption global (CSRD EU, SEC US) Harmonized reporting standard 2. Climate transition plans Net Zero commitments dengan credible pathways GFANZ, SBTi 3. Biodiversity & nature Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) Natural capital valuation 4. Social metrics maturation Human capital, DEI, living wage Social reporting sophistication 5. AI & ethics Responsible AI, algorithmic bias Tech governance framework 6. Supply chain due diligence EU CSDDD, German Supply Chain Act Mandatory HR + environmental DD 7. Green finance Green bonds, sustainability-linked loans Capital access tie to ESG
ESG landscape rapidly evolving. Indonesia companies harus stay current untuk maintain access ke capital dan markets.
Mari pelajari ESG trends yang akan shape business landscape 2025-2030. Pertama, Mandatory ESG disclosure — ISSB adoption global. EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) mandatory untuk 50.000+ companies. SEC US climate disclosure rules. Indonesia via OJK evaluating ISSB adoption. Harmonized reporting standard emerging. Kedua, Climate transition plans — Net Zero commitments dengan credible pathways. GFANZ (Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero) dengan US$ 130 triliun+ AUM commitments. SBTi (Science-Based Targets) validation. Ketiga, Biodiversity dan nature — Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) 2023 framework. Natural capital valuation. CBD Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework 2022. Keempat, Social metrics maturation — Human capital disclosure, Diversity Equity Inclusion (DEI), living wage. Social reporting sophistication. Kelima, AI dan ethics — Responsible AI, algorithmic bias, AI governance framework. EU AI Act 2024. Indonesia via Komdigi. Tech governance. Keenam, Supply chain due diligence — EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) 2024, German Supply Chain Act 2023, Norway Transparency Act. Mandatory HR dan environmental due diligence di supply chain. Ketujuh, Green finance — Green bonds, sustainability-linked loans. Capital access increasingly tie to ESG performance. Indonesia green bonds market growing via OJK framework. Strategi: stay current dengan evolving landscape. Indonesia companies harus update reporting annually dan investasi ESG capability. Indonesia ESG Implementation Indonesia ESG framework — OJK roadmap, Bursa Efek Indonesia, dan B20/B30 mandates.
Framework Substansi Indonesia Implementation OJK Roadmap Sustainable Finance 2021-2025 phased Banks, securities, insurance wajib POJK 51/2017 Sustainability report mandatory Financial services POJK 8/2017 Green bonds Green finance market BEI Listing Rules ESG disclosure for listed Annual report ESG section B20/B35 Mandate Biofuel mandatory blending Palm oil-based fuel policy Perpres 98/2021 Carbon pricing & NDC Carbon tax, carbon market UU 32/2009 PPLH Environmental protection AMDAL, UKL-UPL Net Zero 2060 Indonesia commitment Long-term strategy
Indonesia ESG framework: OJK + BEI + environmental regulation + climate commitment. Strategi: integrate ke corporate strategy.
Mari pelajari Indonesia ESG framework. OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) Roadmap Sustainable Finance 2021-2025 — phased implementation untuk banks, securities companies, insurance. POJK 51/POJK.03/2017 sustainability report mandatory untuk financial services. POJK 8/POJK.03/2017 green bonds. BEI (Bursa Efek Indonesia) Listing Rules mendorong ESG disclosure untuk listed companies. Annual report harus include ESG section. B20/B35 Mandate — biofuel mandatory blending 30%+ palm oil-based fuel. Policy controversial tetapi support palm oil industry dan reduce fuel import. Perpres 98/2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon — carbon pricing dan NDC implementation. Carbon tax pilot 2022 di coal-fired power plants. Carbon market development. UU 32/2009 PPLH tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup — AMDAL ( Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan), UKL-UPL untuk environmental impact assessment. Indonesia Net Zero 2060 commitment — long-term decarbonization strategy. COP26 Glasgow 2021 Indonesia commitment. Strategi perusahaan Indonesia: integrate ESG framework ke corporate strategy. Comply dengan OJK, BEI, environmental regulations. Pursue climate targets. Report via GRI/ISSB. Engage dengan stakeholders. Final Project: Integrated Compliance Plan Tugas akhir — design integrated compliance program untuk perusahaan Indonesia lintas batas.
Component Deliverable Weight 1. Company profile (Indonesia PMA) Industry, size, jurisdictions 10% 2. Risk assessment Identify major risks (corruption, TP, ESG, dll) 15% 3. Compliance framework Choose applicable frameworks (FCPA, OECD, UNGP, dll) 20% 4. Policy & procedures Code of Conduct, anti-corruption, TJSL, dll 20% 5. Implementation roadmap Timeline, resources, training 15% 6. Sustainability report template GRI/ISSB framework application 10% 7. Budget & ROI Investment cost vs expected benefit 10%
Final project: integrate semua pertemuan (P1-P14) ke compliance program comprehensive. Submit minggu 16 — ujian akhir.
Tugas akhir mata kuliah — design integrated compliance program untuk perusahaan Indonesia lintas batas. Pilih satu perusahaan Indonesia (real atau hypothetical) yang operates internasional. Company profile: industry (mis. manufacturing, mining, technology, financial services), size (revenue, employees), jurisdictions (operating countries). Risk assessment: identify major compliance risks relevant — corruption (FCPA, UU 31/1999), transfer pricing (BEPS, Pillar 2), sanctions (OFAC, EU), ESG (climate, human rights), trade (WTO, customs), dispute (arbitration), IP. Compliance framework: choose applicable frameworks (FCPA, UK Bribery, OECD, UNGP, ISO 26000, ISSB, dll). Policy dan procedures: Code of Conduct, anti-corruption policy, transfer pricing policy, sanctions compliance, ESG/sustainability policy, TJSL per UU 40/2007 Pasal 74. Implementation roadmap: 12-18 bulan timeline, resources (budget, staff, training), milestones. Sustainability report template: GRI Standards + ISSB framework application dengan materiality assessment. Budget dan ROI: investment cost (compliance program 0,3-1% revenue) vs expected benefit (penalty avoidance, investor access, reputational). Final project mengintegrate semua pertemuan P1-P14. Submit minggu 16 (minggu ujian akhir). Presentasi 15 menit + Q&A. Rubric penilaian: comprehensiveness, applicability, creativity, presentation. Penutup Mata Kuliah: International Business Law 14 pertemuan — comprehensive journey dari sistem hukum sampai compliance global.
Pertemuan Topik Key Takeaway P1 Sistem Hukum Internasional Civil law vs common law vs religious P2 Aktor: WTO, UNCITRAL, ICC, Hague PBB, ICC, UNCITRAL mandate P3 CISG, Choice of Law/Forum CISG (Indonesia not ratified), choice drafting P4 Incoterms 2020 & UCP 600 11 Incoterms, L/C family P5 Kontrak Lintas Batas (FM, R&W) ICC Force Majeure, reps, limitation P6 ICC Family, FX, Sanctions, AML URDG 758, hedging, OFAC compliance P7 Arbitrase: 8 Institusi, NY Convention ICC lifecycle, NY Convention enforcement P8 UNCITRAL, ICSID, ISDS Model Law, ICSID, Model BIT 2018 P9 FDI, BKCM, Model BIT UU 25/2007, PP 5/2021, tax incentive P10 Anti-Corruption (FCPA, UK, UU 31) 3 pilar FCPA, Section 7 UK, DOJ 9 Pillars P11 Transfer Pricing & BEPS 5 metode OECD, Pillar 1/2, PMK 213 P12 IP Internasional TRIPS, Paris, Berne, Madrid, PCT P13 WTO Dispute Settlement DSU reverse consensus, Indonesia cases P14 Etika, CSR & Compliance Global UNGP, ISO 26000, ESG, integrated program
Anda sekarang punya comprehensive understanding international business law. Strategi: integrate ke management practice + investasi compliance + lifelong learning.
Sebagai penutup mata kuliah, mari recap 14 pertemuan. P1 Sistem Hukum Internasional — civil law (Indonesia), common law (US/UK), religious law; comparative legal systems. P2 Aktor Internasional — WTO, UNCITRAL (PBB body), ICC, Hague; mandate dan outputs. P3 CISG 1980 (Indonesia NOT ratified per 2024), Choice of Law, Choice of Forum; Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005. P4 Incoterms 2020 (11 rules, FCA vs FOB pitfall), UCP 600 (L/C family); Toraja Coffee case. P5 Kontrak Lintas Batas — ICC Force Majeure Clause 2020, ICC Hardship Clause 2020, reps vs warranties vs covenants, limitation of liability; UU 24/2009 bahasa Indonesia. P6 ICC Family (UCP 600, URC 522, URDG 758, ISP98), FX hedging (forward, option, swap), Sanctions (OFAC, EU, UN), AML (FATF, UU 8/2010). P7 Arbitrase — 8 institusi (ICC, LCIA, SIAC, HKIAC, BANI, AAA/ICDR, DIAC, KLRCA), ICC lifecycle, NY Convention 1958 (Indonesia via UU 5/1999), SEMA MA 3/2017. P8 UNCITRAL Model Law 1985, ICSID 1965, ISDS, Model BIT Indonesia 2018, terminasi BIT liberal. P9 FDI — UU 25/2007, UU Cipta Kerja 6/2023, PP 5/2021 positive list, OSS-RBA, BKCM/Kementerian Investasi, tax incentive (tax holiday, allowance, super deduction). P10 Anti-Corruption — FCPA 3 pilar (issuer, domestic concern, instrumentality), UK Bribery Act 4 offenses (Section 7 strict liability), UU 31/1999 jo. UU 20/2001, KPK, DOJ 9 Pillars. P11 Transfer Pricing & BEPS — ALP + 5 metode (CUP, Resale, Cost Plus, TNMM, Profit Split), BEPS Action 13 (CbCR, Master, Local), Pillar 1 (Amount A 25% residual), Pillar 2 (15% global minimum, IIR/UTPR/QDMTT/SBIE), PMK 213/2022, APA, MAP. P12 IP Internasional — TRIPS 7 bagian, Paris 1883, Berne 1886, Madrid Protocol (UU 5/2017), PCT (1997), UU 20/2016 Merek, UU 28/2014 HC. P13 WTO Dispute Settlement — DSU reverse consensus, panel + Appellate Body, Indonesia cases DS406/490/491/590/612, AB crisis 2019, MPIA. P14 Etika, CSR & Compliance Global — UNGP 3 pilar, ISO 26000, UU 40/2007 Pasal 74, POJK 51/2017, ESG (TCFD, SASB, ISSB), Garuda crisis. Anda sekarang punya comprehensive understanding international business law. Strategi: integrate ke management practice, investasi compliance, lifelong learning. Pesan Penutup untuk Mahasiswa International business law bukan technical detail — strategic competitive advantage Compliance = risk management dengan ROI 100-300× (Garuda lesson) Indonesia semakin integrated ke global economy → mastery essential Stay curious — landscape terus evolve (BEPS Pillar 2, ESG, digital trade) Framework: ICC family + UNCITRAL + WTO + UNGP Compliance program: 10 element integrated Resources: OECD, ICC, WTO, OJK, UNCITRAL websites Network: Ikut Asosiasi Counsel Indonesia, FBL-ICD, dll Selamat! Anda telah menyelesaikan mata kuliah International Business Law. Selamat menerapkan untuk Indonesia companies di kancah global. Sampai jumpa!
Terima Kasih! Semoga ilmu yang Anda dapatkan bermanfaat untuk karir di international business. Jangan ragu contact dosen jika ada pertanyaan lebih lanjut. Tetap belajar dan berkontribusi untuk Indonesia!
Pesan penutup untuk mahasiswa. Pertama, Strategic mindset — International business law bukan technical detail tetapi strategic competitive advantage. Perusahaan yang master international business law dapat navigate global markets dengan lebih effective. Compliance bukan cost center tetapi risk management dengan ROI sangat tinggi (100-300× dari Garuda lesson). Indonesia semakin integrated ke global economy — mastery essential untuk Indonesia manager dan entrepreneur. Stay curious — landscape terus evolve dengan BEPS Pillar 2 implementation, ESG evolution, digital trade rules. Kedua, Practical tools — Framework ICC family + UNCITRAL + WTO + UNGP untuk navigate. Compliance program 10 element integrated untuk implementasi. Resources: OECD, ICC, WTO, OJK, UNCITRAL, WIPO websites untuk update. Network: Ikuti Asosiasi Counsel Indonesia, FBL-ICD (International Corporate Counsel), perhimpunan ahli hukum Indonesia. Selamat! Anda telah menyelesaikan mata kuliah International Business Law. 14 pertemuan dari sistem hukum sampai compliance global. Anda sekarang punya foundation yang comprehensive untuk navigate international business. Selamat menerapkan untuk Indonesia companies di kancah global. Sampai jumpa di kesempatan lain! Terima Kasih atas partisipasi dan engagement yang luar biasa. Tetap semangat belajar dan berkontribusi untuk Indonesia!